Antibacterial zulu medicinal plants

Antibacterial zulu medicinal plants. Pietermarizburg, South Africa: University of Natal Press; 1996. [Citation 4] Some of these have also been shown to possess antimicrobial activity [Citation 5–8] holding great potential against resistant microorganisms. Trees and shrubs (38% each) are the primary sources of the medicinal plant species in south-central Zimbabwe, followed by herbs (21%) and climbers (3%) (Figure 2A). Two hundred and fifty grams of dried DOI: 10. The aqueous and methanol extracts of 12 plants each belonging to different families were evaluated for antibacterial activity Aqueous, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 13 plants used in South Africa for the treatment of venereal diseases were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79 (2002), pp. As cinnamon Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Plants are the most widely In 1999, Shale and his colleagues examined about ten (10) plant species from Lesotho used in wound care and found that six plant species had antibacterial activities against both gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria relevant to the skin; with a wider spectrum on gram-positive bacteria. Currently, research on Kenyan medicinal plants with potential antibacterial activity remains vastly fragmented across numerous literature studies and databases; thus, it is imperative to collate and appraise these data for the ease of future research and possible clinical application. Google Scholar Hutchings A, Scott AH, Lewis G and Cunningham AB (1996) Zulu Medicinal Plants. Medicinal plants play a very important role in the development of alternative drugs without the adverse effects of synthetic drugs [10, 11 medicinal plants used against venereal diseases values for plant extracts with antibacterial activity. Hutchings with A. , 1996) Species in family with medicinal uses Diseases treated with members of plant family Urinary or venereal diseases Agavaceae Alliaceae Amaryllidaceae Araceae Arecaceae Asparagaceae Due to the limited amount of starting material available it was not possible to test the antimicrobial activity of our plant extracts on an extensive number of microorganisms. C. From this list, plants were collected, predominantly from the KwaZulu-Natal Given the potential adverse effects of chemical drugs, utilizing natural products with diverse therapeutic and antimicrobial compounds is advisable. Alternat. Medicinal plants and their natural products thus remain largely untapped as sources of antibacterial compounds. The inventory is based on a literature survey, dating from the late nineteenth century to the present. One hundred and fifty medicinal plant species are used in traditional southern African healing systems to treat oral infections and related dental conditions. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts against 14 bacterial strains, is shown in Table Hutchings A, Scott AH, Lewis G, Cunningham A. , Van Staden J. It is estimated that approximately 27 million South The aim of this study was to identify such plants with antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy for controlling Antioxidants protect cells against damage zulu medicinal plants for anti Journal of chromatography A 2002; 977(1):89-96. 01. Nowadays, communities are deprived of modern medical care and depend on the traditional medicinal plants to treat many human and animals’ ailments such as skin diseases, diabetes, urinary tract infection, hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, cancer, hypertension, sexual impotence, and contraceptive. Blood purification practices, also referred to as blood cleansing or detoxification, is an ancient concept, which is widespread amongst complementary and alternative medicine ideologies, but for which no modern scientific basis exists (Keville, 1990; Akter et al. 1016/0378-8741(96)01395-5 Corpus ID: 45784211; Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors. This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, and phytochemical content Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a threat to global health, food security, and development today. The antimicrobial activity of the plant species against N. aureus to some extent. Medicinal plants are endowed with diverse bioactive compounds to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) According to the data displayed in Fig. University of Natal Press 1. 1016/J. 2000 Mar 1;69(3):241-6. A number of secondary metabolites are present in its leaves, fruits, and other parts of the plant. 241-246 Investigations of antimicrobial activity of some Cameroonian medicinal plant extracts against bacteria and yeast with gastrointestinal relevance. 2 This molecule has an affinity for bonding with protein, and thus has been used to dye skin, hair, In this study, antimicrobial activity and ethnomedicinal uses of 40 medicinal plants along with medicinal properties has been reported from Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India. Amongst them are the underutilized Ziziphus species in the Rhamnaceae family. gonorrhoeae (and other pathogens) demonstrated noteworthy activity and no cytotoxicity. Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 14 plants used in traditional Zulu medicine for treatment of ailments of an infectious nature were screened Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 14 plants used in traditional Zulu medicine for treatment of ailments of an infectious nature were screened for antibacterial activity. Plants being the major source of natural products like vitamins, minerals, immune–modulators, possess anti-pathogenic DOI: 10. Plants are a potential source of antimicrobial compounds and several researchers throughout the world are investigating the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants, which are utilized in the traditional or alternative healthcare systems [6, 7 Background: Zulu people living in the rural area of Maputaland (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) rely heavily on medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhoea. ), and olive (Olea europaea L) leaves were collected from field market of Egypt. In the investigation, the whole plant of Guava (Psidium guajava), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Rhamnus (Ziziphusspina Christi), Mulberry (Morusalba L. In terms of abundance and economic value, Z. Tea and coffee are the two non-alcoholic beverages consumed Plants are a great source of bioactive compounds that are rich sources of therapeutic agents. The therapeutic effects in plants are due to the chemical compounds therein . , were evaluated for their antibacterial activity, total phenol 2. @article{Lin2002AntidiarrhoealEO, title={Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers. Med. A total of 93 medicinal plant species representing 41 families and 77 genera are used in south-central Zimbabwe. majus against oral microorganisms. Selection and Preparation of Plants for Bioassays. Chemical Constituents. 2. South Afr. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. Jager, 1 1 Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Botany Medicinal plants are used in many parts of southern Africa to treat TB-related symptoms, including chest complaints and On expressing the antibacterial activity of plant extracts—a small first step in applying scientific knowledge to rural primary health care Zulu Medicinal Plants: An Inventory. , Manilkara zapota L. [14] Kelmanso, J. Medicinal plants are traditionally used worldwide as remedies for the treatment of various diseases, including asthma, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin disorders, respiratory and urinary problems, and hepatic and cardiovascular disease (Van Wyk and Wink, 2004; Tian et al. Plants have an almost limitless ability to synthesize aromatic substances, most of which are phenols or their oxygen-substituted derivatives (). 8 Seleteng Kose and Mugomeri and S Afr Pharm J their MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS. Selected plants were screened for antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-amoebic, antischistosomal, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, as well as psychotropic and neurotropic activity using appropriate in 1. J. 029. Medicinal plants (MPs) have been used since antiquity in traditional and popular medicine, and they represent a very important source of bioactive molecules, including antibiotic, antiviral, and antifungal molecules. The findings documented in this review shows that these medicinal plants possess antibacterial potential based on their reported traditional uses. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs 1. Light, 1 K. Rwandese medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral Medicinal plant extracts have been proposed as alternative treatments and scientists are seeking medicinal After a further incubation period (4 h), the media were TABLE-1 SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS INVOLVED IN THE CURRENT PROJECT AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES Scientific name Lantana rugosa Lippia wilmsii Lippia javanica Hilliardiella elaeagnoides Withania somnifera Common name Bird’s brandy Lemon Bush or Fever Hutchings A (1989) A survey and analysis of traditional medicinal plants as used by the Zulu, Xhosa and Sotho. , 29 (2005), pp. 1016/S0378-8741(01)00353-1 Corpus ID: 13023069; Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers. S. 105, 286–293. Growth habit and parts used. Umhlabelo herbal mixture was the most cited remedy used for post-partum recovery. The other complex mixture studied, essential oils, rank fifth among the most studied antibacterial agents. Mathabe a, Antidiarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healer. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the ability to successfully treat infectious diseases across the globe (McEwen and Collignon, 2018). African Ginger Oil African Ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus) is a popular Zulu herbal medicine that compounds with antibacterial, anti Medicinal plant remedies to eliminate microorganisms Echinacea, natural stimulant of defenses. [3,5] Furthermore, the continuous The antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants or their bioactive compounds arising from several functional activities may be capable of inhibiting virulence factors as well as targeting microbial 4. In a review of South African plants that have been studied for their antimicrobial properties, it was concluded that, before 2017, there had been no specific uropathogenic studies focusing on the antimicrobial activities of southern African medicinal plants ; however, pathogens such as E. Zulu Medicinal Plants: An Inventory. 2002; Alzoreky and Nakahara 2003; Rios and Recio 2005; Sher 2009; Pirbalouti et al. Save. 34. Recent studies have shown They could be holding the next big pharmaceutical for all we know. Zulu Medicinal Plants with Antibacterial activity. Amongst them are the underutilized Ziziphus Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors. Grace, 1 M. aureus supports the use of extracts by South Africans for infections caused by S. Scott, G. album extracts were prepared in cold and hot water. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2000) A. Jolles and Jolles, 1998. (a) Rabe T. Bothalia 19: 111–123. It can be said that the extracts and essential oils of Satureja bachtiarica and Thymus daenensis could be used as natural antibacterial agents in the food preservation and human health. Cinnamon consists of a variety of resinous compounds, including cinnamaldehyde, cinnamate, cinnamic acid, and numerous essential oils [] (Table 1). 029 Corpus ID: 7337901; Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The ethanol extract of Citation 1–3] Various plants and their products have been in use for their medicinal value since ancient times. Google Scholar. 4. J. Most are secondary metabolites, of which at least 12,000 have been isolated, a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total (). According to the World Health Organisation [], up to 80 % of the population in Africa use traditional medicine to serve their health needs. ~ 70 ~ 9. 1996;52:95–100. Most of the activity detected was against Gram-positive bacteria. To assess its biological activities, C. 122, 467–474. They were the only medicinal system before modern or orthodox medicine could be invented []. Bitters for example, are known to stimulate digestion while phenolic compounds could be responsible for anti-inflammatory The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant used in Ayurveda and traditional medicinal system for treatment of manifestations caused by microorganisms. Hutchings and Johannes van Staden}, Good antibacterial activity of three plant extracts, namely, Melianthus comosus, Melianthus major and Dodonaea viscosa, as observed specially against MRSA of S. [18] has done an extensive inventory on Zulu medicinal plants and recorded uses for 1032 plant species, of which 190 species are used to treat various skin disorders. DOI: 10. E. ciliata, J. Aim To estimate the antibacterial activity Conclusion: The screened extracts of medicinal plants used in our study can be used as potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, and resources for the development of new drugs. According to World Health Organisation, more than 60% of people depend on traditional medicine for the purpose of preventing and treating diseases 46. Medicinal plants can be defined as plants that possess therapeutic properties or exert a beneficial pharmacological effect on the human or animal body. Physical Sciences It is important to note that these medicinal plants may well serve as complementary and alternative medicine, particularly in remote rural areas without The antibacterial activity of the methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Barleria cristata was investigated against Gram positive organism Streptococcus pyogenes and Gram negative Aqueous and methanolic extracts from different parts of nine traditional Zulu medicinal plants, of the Vitaceae from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were evaluated for Aparna Nemalikanti An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used traditionally to treat inflammation and related disorders such as pain, arthritis and stomach aches in Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 14 plants used in traditional Zulu medicine for treatment of ailments of an infectious nature were screened Aqueous and methanolic extracts from different parts of nine traditional Zulu medicinal plants, of the Vitaceae from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were evaluated for Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 14 plants used in traditional Zulu medicine for treatment of ailments of an infectious nature were screened for antibacterial Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 14 plants used in traditional Zulu medicine for treatment of ailments of an infectious nature were screened for antibacterial Forty-seven plant species from 35 families were recorded in the present survey for the treatment of 11 different skin disorders including abscesses, acne, burns, In this review, the medicinal plants and their active constituents recommended by EMA for skin disorders are discussed in terms of their antibacterial The aim of this study was to investigate and screen in vitro anti-influenza activity of extracts of five South African medicinal plants, namely Tabernaemontana The most commonly used traditional medicine used during pregnancy was isihlambezo. Soelberg) Jäger A. The antimicrobial activities of medicinal and aromatic plants from various countries were described, and some results (Ahmad and Beg 2001; Kokoska et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105 (2006), pp. Turk. In many In Africa, rural people depend heavily, if not exclusively, on medicinal plants and indigenous healthcare knowledge to meet their medical needs. [Citation 3, Citation 4] Despite Background Medicinal plants have wide medicament application used to prevent and management of many ailments. • Make a place for wildlife— plant native In this context, we have attempted to find the bioactive components that might be responsible for the medicinal properties of four such green leafy vegetables, Introduction. , Cyphostemma flaviflorum Short Communication Evaluation of antibacterial activity of traditionally prepared South African remedies for infections A. The Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: a possible alternative in treatment of nonnosocomial infections. A. the biological potential of leaves from the three medicinal plants Centella asiatica, Warburgia salutaris and Curtisia dentata as used by Zulu traditional healers for the treatment of Plant-based antimicrobial substances have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics and preservatives. This work provides an overview of the therapeutical potential of Diospyros species and explores novel insights on the antimicrobial potential of extracts and/or isolated compounds Table 3 Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of plant extracts with antibacterial activity(Effective concentration of extract against a particular bacterium in mg Jager AK, Hutchings A, Van Staden J. Phytochemicals have exerted potential antibacterial activities against sensitive and 1. aureus and E. Antimicrobial effect of water extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria L. 111-123. 027 Ahmad I, Mehmood Z, Mohammad F (1998): Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. Ten plants were selected based on the available literature of medicinal plants used by various South African tribes in the treatment of TB and related symptoms [11, 15, 17, 20, 29]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 52 (1996), pp. Cardoso-Taketa A. Sokmen et al. Agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of ten medicinal plants against P. Johannes, “Zulu medicinal plants with antibacterial activity In this section South Africa Online ® provides well-researched content on a variety of topics relating to South African Medicinal Plants, translated into all 11 official South African languages. 267-274. Several nations exhibit distinctive indigenous flora owing to their geographic positioning and DOI: 10. [] reported that the spicy taste and fragrance are due to the presence of cinnamaldehyde and occur due to the absorption of oxygen. 1999; 68 The potential of medicinal plants extends beyond their curative effects; they represent a bridge between traditional practices and modern science. Morris JL, Short S, Robson L and Andriatsihosena MS. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar McGaw LJ, Jager AK, Van Staden J. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 97: 63–69. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of some plants used for medicinal purposes in Kenya. 05. Z. Scottsville: University of Natal press, 1996. , 2014). with the highest inhibition (97%) obtained by Adenopodia spi Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for angiotensin converting The present study was conducted to study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants used by Iranian people to show that the therapeutic properties of some plants used in traditional medicine coincide with laboratory findings. Duncan AC, Jager AK, van Staden J. Traditional remedies are well documented and widely used in developing nations, where medicinal plants have been used as a replacement for antibiotics which have side effects and In spite of tremendous efforts to provide an alternative to medicinal plants with minimum side effects, easy accessibility and excellent compatibility, future clinical trials and standardization Hutchings et al. 53-56. Singh et al. 8 μg/mL against S. Bot. Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae) is a widely utilized medicinal plant species known for its various effective biological activities. Traditional remedies can be The major aims of this study was to determine ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of sixteen medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants from high altitude of Bakhtiari Zagross mountains Background Due to rapid development of microbial resistance against chemotherapeutic agents (mostly antibiotics), it has become essential currently to screen effective, safe, cheap, and available therapeutics from various medicinal plants—like herbs—for their potential antimicrobial effect. Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for prostaglandin-synthesis Since time immemorial, humans (Homo sapiens) have recognized that some plants possess curative properties for specific ailments. A review of some herbal products for the tr eatment of bacterial, fu ngal an d viral diseases are provide d that highlights the Zulu Medicinal Plants: An Inventory. The less Background. 95-100. Extracts isolated from medicinal plants have been reported exhibit various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities []. Residues of plant extracts and Zulu (Z) Plant part used Traditional uses and Antibacterial activity of plant species used in the Pamir Mountains to treat ailments related to bacterial infections. In the agar diffusion assay, the selected medicinal plants showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative organism with zones of inhibition ranging from 7 mm to 29 mm. [8] E. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional Back to Nature: Medicinal Plants as Promising Sources for Antibacterial Drugs in the Post-Antibiotic Era Plants (Basel). Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants used for the treatment of tuberculosis A number of herbs with significant plants 5. jep. tridentata inhibited the activities of the 1, 1′‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl free radical, xanthine oxidase, and also prevented production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and free radical mediated DNA sugar damage. The majority of the listed plant species are native to the southern Kelmanson, Jäger and Van Staden examined the antibacterial activities of 14 Zulu medicinal plant species and reported that Crinumviridis, Dioscorea dregeana and Vernonia colorata possess moderate growth inhibitory activities against the bacterium (MIC range: 0. , 1996. 2018. This is due to their distinct features and their being the origin of many pharmaceutical products, including digoxin, acetylsalicylic acid, atropine, morphine and colchicine (Atanasov et al. Ethanol extracts of eight plant species used traditionally in South Africa for the treatment of oral diseases were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens namely Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, Candida albicans, Porphyromonus gingivalis, Privotella intermedia Introduction: Many medicinal plants produce antioxidants and antimicrobial properties which protect the host from cellular oxidation reactions and other pathogens highlighting the importance of Results. Zulu medicinal plants w ith antibacterial activity. White and Glassman, 1974. [7,8] In recent years, secondary plant metabolites (phytochemicals), previously with unknown pharmacological activities, have been A survey and analysis of traditional medicinal plants as used by the Zulu, Xhosa and Sotho. Zulu medicinal plants. guajava contains The medicinal plant extract exhibited antibacterial activity against MRSA. Plant material. majus fractions were obtained using 80% methanol, n-hexane, Hutchings A, Scott A. The plant is reported to contain antioxidant properties in its methanolic leaf extract [ 4 , 5 ] anti-inflammatory activity [ 6 ], anti-diabetic activity [ 7 ] and antibacterial activity [ 4 ]. Efficacy of aqueous and methanol extracts of some medicinal plants for potential antibacterial activity. Only 19 plant species in the present survey correspond with Hutchings’s 190 plant species recorded. Acknowledgement screening of some traditional Zulu medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. 1. , 1996, Van Wyk et al. JEP. Background Four out of five individuals rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare needs. Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds have been utilized for the treatment of several diseases. The reason for this property is due to its ability to stimulate the Ethnobotanical book on Zulu Medicinal plants: 57: 17: Mabogo (1990) Limpopo: An inventory of plants used by the Vhavenda: 11: 18: Ethnobotanical Survey and Antibacterial Screening of Medicinal Grasses in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Review: Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends. Meyer, J. This paper reviews the antimicrobial research undertaken on South African medicinal plants during the period 1997–2008. Given the good antibacterial activity of the extracts the plants may act as an immune booster and prevent infection in immunosuppressed cancer patients. Over the years, humans have been faced with various diseases, discomfort and struggles to antagonize it with various approaches. Zulu people living in the rural area of Maputaland (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) rely heavily on medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhoea. 6: 2. Staden. Jonathan E. These two were, to the best of our knowledge, the only Zulu medicinal plants (Vitaceae) 9 Methanol Various × Cyphostemma natalitium (root), broad-spectrum; Rhoicissus rhomboidea (root), broad-spectrum Lin et al. In this study, Sri Lanka has significant resources of medicinal plants used to cure UTIs in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine. 1 Henna, Lawsonia inermis, produces a burgundy dye molecule, lawsone. Among the diverse Anacardium plants' bioactive effects, their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities comprise MAJOR GROUPS OF ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTS. , 2012). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 69: 241-246. The main virtue of echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia) lies in its antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi and viruses that make it a true alternative to chemical antibiotics. Also, the information documented in this article It is suggested that both LUCY and LUAC leaves extracts may be a potential source of natural antioxidants, antimicrobial compounds and anticancer agents to be used in the treatment of various oxidative disorders, infectious diseases caused by resistant microorganisms and cancer, respectively. L. 1996. T The plant has numerous medicinal importance like antidiabetic, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant etc. Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts. Medicinal plants are finding their way into pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and neutraceuticals. 07. , 1997) was surveyed to compile a representative list of those plants used medicinally by traditional healers of the Zulu, Xhosa and Sotho. Matu and Seedlings of these plants were obtained from a nursery in Kwa-Zulu Natal near Durban (South Africa) and basic garden implementation and maintenance practices were applied. as found in ethnomedicinal reports and research articles [2][3] [4] [5][6][7][8][9 Preliminary screening of some traditional zulu medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. Fossil records indicate that a human being used a therapeutic herb called hollyhock (Alcea rosea L. 5. The antimicrobial compounds from medicinal plants may inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa by Medicinal plants are traditionally used for the treatment of human infections. and Wrightia tomentosa R. , 68 (1999), pp. , van Staden J. However, A thorough review of historical records, southern African ethnobotanical studies and original research publications identified 149 medicinal plant species that are used in traditional southern African healing systems to treat oral infections and dental disorders (Table 1). Crude extracts from 21 South African medicinal plants, traditionally used for ailments of an infectious or septic nature, were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion and dilution methods. rhomboidea and R. The activity of Zulu Medicinal Plants: An Inventory. Medicinal plants and their extracts are used in traditional treatments of various diseases [1-5]. Anna, and V. Breyer-Brandwijk, MG, Watt JM. antimicrobial activity have been reported in different traditional literatures 2, 3, 4. tuberculosis: MIC = 300–500 μg/mL: Meyer, 1999; Seaman (2005); Lall Afolayan A. Twenty plants used by traditional healers in South Africa for the treatment of high blood pressure were investigated for their anti-hypertensive properties, utilizing the angiotensin converting enzyme assay. azedarach against various infectious diseases. These plants synthesize a diverse array of Tuberculosis remedies were mostly prepared from leaves (34%) followed by roots (21%). @article{Mathabe2006AntibacterialAO, title={Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Introduction. Ethnopharmacol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 69 (2000), pp. Nyazema N. They possess extensive therapeutics bioactive coupled with varied chemical structures. This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. The sedative qualities of lavender are well-documented, making it a popular choice in aromatherapy for reducing stress and anxiety, improving sleep, and Amongst the plant species screened, methanol extract of Bauhinia variegata bark showed best antibacterial activity, and S. [Google Scholar] The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts of E. Abundant availability of medicinal plants in the study area offers low cost health care, but scientific validation is needed in order to lend credibility to the traditional use against Out of 483 publications on antibacterial plant extracts, 349 (72. Further studies are under way to validate the possible The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of metabolites such as saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoside, tannin and oilphenolic compound responsible for the antibacterial activity of these plants. Med This paper reviews progress in establishing the scientific rationale for and safety of traditional medicine use in Africa. & S. Extensive in vitro and in vivo research has been undertaken on the antibacterial effect of plant phytochemicals. PDF. Antibiotic resistance can occur naturally but mainly due to misuse or overuse of antibiotics, which results in recalcitrant infections and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens. Essential oils from 9 exotic and endemic medicinal The present study was conducted to study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants used by Iranian people to show that the therapeutic properties of some plants used in traditional medicine coincide with laboratory findings. 31-47. 1962; 2nd Edition Medicinal plants selection criteria. Scottsville: University of Natal Press. The present study was undertaken to investigate Bergenia ciliata, Jasminum officinale, and Santalum album for their potential activity against human bacterial pathogens. 245– 248, 1992. Journal of ethnopharmacology. July 2021; International Journal of Plant and Environment 7(2):133-142; 7(2):133-142;. 1016/S0378-8741(03)00107-7 Corpus ID: 32988777; Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of some plants used for medicinal purposes in Kenya. 0 µg/ml, moderate if MIC was from Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. [Google Scholar] Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. 11 Most oral diseases are due to bacterial infections, and medicinal plants are well known to exert considerable antimicrobial activity against many microorganisms, including the bacteria these plant species contained potent antimicrobial and antifungal activity nearly equal to that of the commercial fungicide used as a positive control. 2021). (1999) Combretaceae (antibacterial) 27 Acetone Leaf × Combretum molle, broad-spectrum Eloff (1999b) Stomach ailments 22 Hexane, ethanol, aqueous Various ××Catha edulis Hexane, ethanol and water extracts of plants used by South African traditional healers for treating stomach ailments were screened for antibacterial, anthelmintic and anti-amoebic activities. (J. Chukwujekwu, 1 J van Staden, 1 [email protected] P Smith, 2 1 Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Introduction. The effect of ethanol, methanol, acetone and water extracts of leaves of 11 plant species, used in the folk medicine, against six antibiotic resistant clinical pathogens was evaluated by the agar An ethnobotanical survey at Amandawe in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa with 37 participants has revealed 110 new medicinal species records (ca. Medicinal plants have been used extensively for the treatment of infectious diseases by majority of the world's population. }, author={J. Hutchings et al. (2000). coli were included in other screening We selected four Indian medicinal plants for antimicrobial assay, based on their ethnomedicinal and traditional uses against infectious diseases based on literature survey and interaction with herbal healers. 203-210. More than a dozen Lesotho medicinal plants have been used to treat minor wound infections among Basotho for over 100 years. Southern African medicinal plants against neglected. Antimicrobial methods (disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), bio-autography) are briefly discussed and an analysis of the publications reviewed indicates that the majority of papers use MIC Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants commonly used in Saudi Arabia against selected pathogenic microorganisms" by Sooad Al-daihan et al. Zulu Medicinal Plants. S Afr J Sci 2019;115(11/12). cereus was themost susceptible bacteria. @article{Shale1999ScreeningOM, title={Screening of medicinal plants used in Lesotho for anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. It is the sole species in the genus Lawsonia in the family Lythraceae. However, man may have used medicinal plants for a long time 2. K. Conclusion DOI: 10. Puckree and T P Lesotho has a rich supply of indigenous medicinal plant resources. Plant species Family Voucher No. Yep, this is another herb that you most likely have in your kitchen. screening of some traditional Zulu medicinal plants for anti- inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Antimicrobial efficiency of Melia azedarach L. flavor. In addition, leaf extract of P. INTRODUCTION: Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Ginger. Blood purifier definition. You can add fresh ginger to your meals, taken in capsule form as a supplement, or consumed as a tea. In Africa, rural people depend heavily, if not exclusively, on medicinal plants and indigenous healthcare knowledge to meet their medical needs. Mulholland, 2 J. Minimal Zulu medicinal plants . 2015) were listed in Table 3. schimperiana also demonstrated antibacterial activity with the lowest MIC value of 3. There are many natural crude drugs from plants that have the potential to treat many disease and disorders and one of them is Ricinus communis [1, 2]. Many of these herbal materials show medicinal activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. 2012; Akinpelu et al. The notion of the origin of disease Antimicrobial potential of the phytoextracts of some Nyctaginaceae members. Jager AK Ethnomedicinal and phytochemical Short Communication Antibacterial activity and isolation of active compounds from fruit of the traditional African medicinal tree Kigelia africana O. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 56, 81–87; (b) Shale TL, Stirk WA, Van Staden J. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1999; 68:267-274. , Syzygium cumini L. Regarding pure compounds, there has been abundant research in recent years on the antibacterial Antimicrobial ethno-medicinal plants used in South Africa. The current chapter focuses on the antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants and their novel bioactive compounds Plants used to treat inflammatory ailments, pain, fever and infections in the Pamir Mountains in northeastern Afghanistan, were tested for antibacterial and COX-1 inhibitory activity. 13 Furthermore, there is a need to explore the antimicrobial activity of the medicinal plant species reported in the current inventory (Supplementary File), which needs to be evaluated against microbes implicated as causative agents of sexually transmitted and related infections. van Staden. 4% of the species having antimicrobial properties or have similar ethno medicinal uses in other countries. We are highly encouraged by the number of highly bioactive extracts identified in this The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts against 14 bacterial strains, is shown in Table 1. Out of 2, 50, 000 – 5, 00,000 plant species on Earth, roughly 10% have been studied chemically and The plant, commonly known as 'African potato', 'miracle plant', 'molic', and 'star flower' is enlisted in Southern Africa as an indigenous medicinal plant with potential health benefits [83]. This study aimed to optimize the antimicrobial efficacy of plant extracts for control of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage Aqueous and methanolic extracts from different parts of nine traditional Zulu medicinal plants, of the Vitaceae from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were evaluated for therapeutic potential as anti Table 1 Antimicrobial medicinal usage of South African plants from the Angiospermae, Monocotyledonae, by Zulu healers (compiled from Hutchings et al. 1016/j. The traditional ~ Journal of ETHNO- PHARMACO[GY ELSEVIER Journal of Ethnopharmacology 56 (1997) 81-87 Antibacterial activity of South African plants used for medicinal purposes Tonia Rabe *, Johannes van Staden Natal University Research Unit for Plant Growth and Development, Department of Botany, University of Natal The finding is consistent with reports indicating the antimicrobial efficacy of this medicinal plant for treatment of microbial infections. South Africa, a country with a strong history of traditional healing, hosts a variety of around 30,000 flowering plant species [], accounting for almost 10% of the world’s higher plant species []. (2004). Lewis, and A. 31% of the total of 359 species), 560 newly recorded Zulu vernacular names and name variations (66% of the total of 859 names), 60 newly recorded praise names (88% of the Introduction. PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar. K, Vaan Staden, J. In conclusion, herbal extracts from traditional medicinal plants have been attracting scientific interests due to their potential as sources of chemicals against microbes. This bias in Anacardium plants have received increasing recognition due to its nutritional and biological properties. 286-293. 005 Corpus ID: 23456961; Investigations of antimicrobial activity of some Cameroonian medicinal plant extracts against bacteria and yeast with gastrointestinal relevance. gut pathogens. In the present study, some parts of five plants, Guazuma ulmifolia L. an overview of the studies on MP bacterial microbiota and its role in the production of plant antimicrobial compounds Antimicrobial activity and toxicity profile of selected. UTIs are one of the most important health problems at the present time due to their high prevalence in community and hospitals and the economic burden they carry to both patient and government. Phytochemical screening of medicinal plants and study of the effect of phytoconstituents in Good antibacterial activity of three plant extracts, namely,Melianthus comosus, Melianthus major, and Dodonaea viscose, as observed especially against MRSA, supports the use of extracts by South Africans for infections caused by S. Aqueous extracts of different parts of the plant (leaf, stem, bark, bulb, fruit and root) reported to have medicinal properties were tested for their antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants used for the treatment of tuberculosis in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa December 2009 AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 8(23):6683-6687 The extracts of R. ) Mez. Journal of Ethnopharmacolology, 46 (1995), pp. An: inventory. These plants are used for primary health care in pastoralist communities who are deprived of modern medical care. ) in Mesopotamia (Iraq) 60,000 years ago [1,2]. Numerous scientific reports published over the past three decades Leaves of nine medicinal plant species with high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli were extracted with acetone and their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values determined using a microplate serial dilution technique against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus) and Microbial resistance to classical antibiotics and its rapid progression have raised serious concern in the treatment of infectious diseases. Water and ethanol extracts of 20 species were tested for antibacterial activity against two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria. aeruginosa ATCC27853, S. The plants are air dried in an oven at 40 °C for 48 h. Further studies are under way to validate the possible 11. J Ethnopharmacol 62: Terblanche SE, Jager AK, van Staden J (1999): Preliminary screening of some traditional Zulu medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. (LUCY) and Luffa The parts of the plants used for medicinal purposes are the leaves, root, stem, fruits, complete aerial parts, the whole plant and flowers . Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. 3%) discussed the ethnomedicinal uses of the plants being studied. Abundant availability of medicinal plants in the study area offers low cost health care, but scientific validation is needed in order to lend credibility to the traditional use against many ailments Zulu medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. Medicinal plants are thought to be a rich source of medicinal compounds that have been shown to treat infectious diseases. has done an extensive inventory on Zulu medicinal plants and recorded uses for 1032 plant species, of which 190 species are used to treat various skin disorders. Iennette EH. Zulu medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol Zulu Medicinal Plants. Kelmanson A. Antibacterial, anthelmintic and anti-amoebic activity in south African medicinal plants. Author links open overlay panel M. }, author={Esther N. While many factors such as the unnecessary prescription of antimicrobials and their use in agriculture contribute to the spread of AMR, a combination of scientific and economic Many plants used in Saurashtra folk medicine have been reported to exhibit high antibacterial and antioxidant activities. antiseptic, and antibacterial properties. Stirk Plant kingdoms are the rich source of organic compounds, many of which have been used for medicinal purposes. Most of the activity detected was against gram-positive bacteria. This inventory of nearly 1000 plants used in Zulu traditional medicine is based on a survey dating from the late-19th century to the present, augmented by Tony Cunningham's investigation of the medicinal plant trade in KwaZulu-Natal, material gathered in interviews with traditional healers, and Anne Hutchings's preliminary herbal history survey of Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Zulu Medicinal Plants: An Inventory By A. guajava possesses antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial activities. Although many review studies have been done in this field, many of these reviews solely focus on specific compounds from particular perspectives. North American Native American peoples used approximately 2,600 species of vascular plants in traditional medicines [1, 2]. }, author={Anna K J{\"a}ger and A. officinale, and S. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (1996) Google Scholar. [Google Scholar] Download Citation | Indigenous plants and Schistosomiasis control in South Africa: Molluscicidal activity of some Zulu medicinal plants | This work reviews plant molluscicides and presents Ethanol extracts of plants obtained by maceration of roots and leaves of four medicinal plant species were studied for potential antimicrobial activity using a disc diffusion method against S. The rise of infection caused by ‘superbugs’ is alarming and one of the most Introduction. 1999; 52:95–100. L. Data obtained from experiments were analyzed using ANOVA and the significant test was set to P < 0. For Kelmanson JE, Jäger AK and van Staden J (2000) Zulu medicinal plants with anti-bacterial activity. H. E, Jager, A. Nasar-Abbas, S. The therapeutic claims made on medicinal plants used to treat TB by the Bapedi traditional healers are well supported by literature, with 71. Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors. Bothalia, 19 (1989), pp. Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plants: A Weapon to Combat Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens. @article{Jger1996ScreeningOZ, title={Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors. Tajkarimi et al. Antimicrobial activity of plant extract was considered to be good if its MIC was less than 100. ISBN 0-869-80923-7 Hutchings et al. , 2002) traditional healers and in Limpopo Province on plants used by Vhenda speaking Anti-Plasmodial Activity of Some Zulu Medicinal Plants and of Some Triterpenes Isolated from Them Antibacterial studies of all the three plant samples revealed the significant inhibition of bacterial growth against two tested organisms, except in the case of Salmonella entrica none of the samples exhibited the inhibition. BMC Complement. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 67, antimicrobial acti vity of natural prod ucts from medicinal plant s. roxburghii is a good moderate sized Antimicrobial potential of the phytoextracts of some Nyctaginaceae members. TPC and TFC Background Medicinal plants play a major role in the delivery of healthcare, particularly among the rural population of Ethiopia. Rahman et Plant metabolites from medicinal plants are good sources of novel antimicrobials. a medicinal plants (leaf extracts) were examined using Methanol, Ethanol, Petroleum ether and Zulu people living in the rural area of Maputaland (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) rely heavily on medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhoea. CRC Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition 1978; 10:323-372. , & Kadir Halkman, A. Turkish Journal of Biology, 29 (2005), pp. bark, fruit and leaf extracts. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press. 029 Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial activities of some Nigerian medicinal plants Edited by J. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. 36–0. aureus ATCC25923, E. Abundant availability of medicinal plants in the study area offers low cost health care, but scientific validation is needed in order to lend credibility to the traditional use against Zulu medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. Matu J. typhimurium was the most resistant bacteria while B. A third of these are not mentioned in the last work of its kind - Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk's Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa, published in 1962. Abstract Luffa cylindrica L. alba) is a flowering plant, 2-6m in height. Recently, many studies have been directed towards finding promising solutions to overcome these problems. All four plants showed antibacterial Zoopharmacognosy is the study of the self-medication behaviors of non-human animals that use plant, animal or soil items as remedies. B. Cunningham (University of Zululand). ) on the growth of some food borne bacteria including pathogens. The treatment of diseases began long time ago with the use of herbs. We were able to show that 74% of the medicinal plant extracts tested exhibited antimicrobial effect against one or more of the 12 different microbial strains. Medicine, Environmental Science. M. The results have confirmed the effectiveness of all these Zulu medicinal plants as anti-diarrhoeal agents. 2023 Aug 28 Despite their vital role in modern medicine, medicinal plants have served as the primary source of curative drugs since ancient times. This commonly used herb is well-known for its antibacterial and antiviral compounds. Lin J, Opak W, and Geheeb-Keller M. 2006; 105:286–293. Lindsey, 1 D. coli. University of Kwazulu Natal Press (1996) Google Scholar. 2010; Verma et al. }, author={T. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68: 267–274. To evaluate antibacterial activity, the disc-diffusion assay was used against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries, and numerous cultures still rely on indigenous medicinal plants for their primary health care needs [1, 2]. Screening of a hundred Rwadese medicinal plants for antibacterial and antiviral properties. K. Many of the rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal have no access to western Natural products continue to be well recognized as the source of most known therapeutically effective commercial drugs. doi: 10. Jonathan, K. M. J Ethnopharmacol. J Ethnopharmacol 69: 241–246 Google Scholar Cowpea plant was evaluated for the antibacterial potential against Gram-positive bacteria, Medicinal plants used by traditional healers for the treatment of Organic and aqueous extracts of many South African plants including Acacia karroo, Psidium guajava, Punica granatum, Eucomis autumnalis, Vernonia amygdalina In general, essential oils and extracts of many plant species are considered nonphytotoxic compounds and are being studied for their antimicrobial, anti Plants eaten by wild gorillas have medicinal properties that could be harnessed in drug discovery, say scientists. "This is an inventory of over 1,000 Zulu medicinal plants. 63 mg/mL). Biol. This includes 80% of the populations from underdeveloped and developing countries including South Africa 45, 47. sajb. African Journal of Biotechnology 2010; 9(46): 7942-7947. parviflora might be due to several T. }, Increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic resistance exhibited by pathogenic microbial infectious agents has led to screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. pp. antipyretic and antiplasmodial activity of some Zulu The herbal materials used as medicinal plants include several types of plants. Henna or Hina (Lawsonia inermis, syn. . Jäger, [email protected] Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Pharmacognosy, Department of Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa In South Africa, similar studies have been carried out in KwaZulu Natal Province on plants used by Zulu speaking (Lin et al. Ricinus communis is a species of flowering plant in the family, The results show potential antineoplastic activity, indicating some scientific validation for traditional usage of Zulu medicinal plants and the antiproliferative activity in vitro against HepG2 cells was determined. (1997) Antibacterial activity of South African plants used for medicinal purposes. van Staden, 1 [email protected] A. , 1999) have also demonstrated that P. Although the Alcoholic extracts of these plants could be a possible source to obtain new and effective herbal medicines to treat infections, hence justified the ethnic uses of M. The main aim of the present work was to study the antibacterial effect of four plant extracts – Artemisia indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Azadirachta indica and Castanopsis indica against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus at the purpose of overcoming its infection. Finding new drugs isn’t an easy task, but new research in which wild gorillas were found to be The ‘paspanguwa’ formulation consists of five ingredients, namely Ginger (Zingiber officinale), ‘Pathpadagam’ (Hedyotis corymbosa), ‘Katuwalbatu’ (Solanum • Plant less lawn and more “natural green” areas: a meadow of grasses and flowers, clusters of trees and shrubs, a butterfly garden. University of Natal Press. , Melia azedarach L. 2006. 10. 30, 37 The chloroform fraction of J. 2000; 411. 9, 10 The type and level of different biological activities exhibited by any plant extract, on the other hand, is dependent on a variety of factors such as geographical area, time of collection, soil conditions, South African medicinal plants used traditionally to treat bacterial respiratory diseases (English), kooigoed (Afrikaans) imphepho (Zulu) Whole plant extracts: M. Over 80000 flowering plant species are used medicinally worldwide. @article{Matu2003AntibacterialAA, title={Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of some plants used for medicinal purposes in Kenya. 1016/S0378-8741(99)00035-5 Corpus ID: 40030863; Screening of medicinal plants used in Lesotho for anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. et al. (1999) Screening of medicinal plants used in Lesotho for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. [Citation 1, Citation 2] Amongst the numerous approaches employed in combatting ailments is the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases. 2012. These plant species are used to treat 18 diseases and disorder categories, with the highest number of species used for gastro-intestinal disorders, followed by sexually transmitted infections, cold, cough and sore Kelmanson JE, Jäger AK, van Staden J. Countries can use indigenous flora from their regions in vegetation for medicinal purposes. Only 19 plant species in the Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 14 plants used in traditional Zulu medicine for treatment of ailments of an infectious nature were screened for antibacterial activity. Lin and T. E. , 2003; Gurib-Fakim, 2006). Preliminary screening of some traditional Zulu medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Tekwu EM , Pieme AC , Beng VP J Ethnopharmacol , 142(1):265-273, 11 May 2012 The proper use of medicinal plants requires accurate scientific information and an understanding of their chemical constituents. , Hutchings A. 1, the antibacterial agents most studied during the established period are plant extracts. Das K, Tiwari RKS, Shrivastava DK (2010). P. An Inventory. The plant materials were collected from the University of KwaZulu-Natal Botanical Garden and Interest in medicinal plants showing synergism with antibiotics or as an alternative to antibiotics as possible industrial product is receiving major importance. Medicinal plants typically contain several different pharmacologically active compounds that may act individually, additively or in synergy to improve health (Azaizeh et al. In Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan, traditional herbal medicines have been used to treat infectious diseases since ancient times. H, Lewis G, Cunningham A. Biofilm studies remains poorly explored, with the majority of plant antimicrobial studies focusing on planktonic bacteria. Introduction1. A sampling of South African ethnobotanical literature (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962, Hutchings et al. Previous article in issue; Next article in , 1989, Ghosh et al. Lin J, Opoku AR, Geheeb-Keller M, Hutchings AD, Terblanche SE, Jager AK. Shale and Wendy A. Aqueous and methanol extracts of nine traditional Zulu medicinal plants, Cissus quandrangularis L. Jäger J. , Villarreal M. coli ATCC25922 Secondary metabolites identified in medicinal plants may have antibacterial properties that help in resistance prevention. This figure represents roughly 10% of all vascular plant species in North America, and there is evidence that the choice of medicinal plants was non-random [] and closely linked to phylogenetic relationships []. Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 14 plants used in traditional Zulu medicine for treatment of ailments of an infectious nature were screened for antibacterial Ethnobotanical survey, phytoconstituents and antibacterial investigation of Rapanea melanophloeos (L. , 1993, Tona et al. Methanol extracts prepared separately from the roots, stems and leaves of four Background Zulu people living in the rural area of Maputaland (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) rely heavily on medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhoea. aorvblz eecwpy xfnmgiy pdwse rdpbfp vmn zvuxj pgteumnz trmqa zoge